imagine someone on the first day of April, do you want from Beijing zhongguancun back bag of cotton to shangdi, of course you especially want to know now what's the weather like in shangdi. Do you know to check the weather forecast is unreliable & mdhistriadn; & mdhistriadn; Never seen the weather forecast in separate the zhongguancun to keep up with. As a secret operation, you don't want to make a phone call to ask. So you come up with mobile phone, open a & other; People networking & throughout; The app, click on the map & other; Shangdi & throughout; , the app said: & other; Right up until 11:59 p.m., shangdi it's sunny, 20 people, 100% credibility & throughout; . You grow a sigh of relief, back cotton to shangdi.

This is & other; People networking & throughout; A typical application scenario, & other; People networking & throughout; By the wide participation of submit specific local information, stored in the cloud, after processing by the server to provide the people who need this information. Of course, there is no & other; People networking & throughout; The ap p Watson sensor, & other; People networking & throughout; Only an occasional appellation, the professional term is & other; Participate in perception & throughout; Or & other; Participatory sensing & throughout; .

What is & other; Participatory sensing & throughout; ?

The characteristics of the traditional sensor network is the information generated by the sensor, collect, then automatically (can be active also can be a passive) uploaded to the node, or a region center node. While & other; Participatory sensing & throughout; Is pay more attention to & other; People throughout the &; Participation, data created by the user, screening or control, and then upload. That is to say, & other; Participatory sensing & throughout; Is given priority to with people, the user for personal or economic interest, conscious perception demand response and user data is a data provider and consumer. This also with the ordinary & other; Crowdsourcing & throughout; Different, can be thought of participatory sensing is a combination of sensor data crowdsourcing + mobile + UGC mode. Because with the popularity of smart phones, users used to share data under the current situation of equipment are generally not smart phones, and generally Shared way is the mobile Internet.

Now & other; Participatory sensing & throughout; Has been applied in the following scenario: the environment and climate change monitoring (for example, UCLA's personal environmental impact report & mdhistriadn; & mdhistriadn; declewerR project, the university of atmospheric research collaboration on the impact of climate change on plant growth Budadedicatest project), transportation and risk monitoring (for example wnousdednse programs help cyclist cycling route reasonable planning, avoid dangerous sections), health tracking (some American medical institutions to develop health tracker can help nurses to understand the change of behavior patterns, senior helps to quickly find the cause of health problems early and corrected), indoor positioning and navigation, such as Google maps of the participatory indoor building style).

The UCLA declewerR projects due to carry out early influential, declewerR developed carbon footprint calculator, the personal data of users to upload and location, time, behavior as well as the regional air quality, the combination of weather data, as well as computing users' personal effect on the environment (such as carbon emissions), also can calculate environmental impact on users' personal (exposure to a particular material & mdhistriadn; & mdhistriadn; such as haze & mdhistriadn; & mdhistriadn; degree). This help the user to clear understanding to the following problems: & other What did I do to the environment? My actions impact on the environment to what degree? Throughout the &;

And at present is causing strong interest of the industry & other; Waze” Is another typical case, Waze on ordinary digital map notes to a layer of similar temporary road construction, traffic accident, speed section of this information. This information added by the user, because can contribute to score, so users will be happy to upload the road conditions. And upload traffic and let Waze can real-time instructions for the user a way the most clear.

3. The equilibrium. People can dynamically allocated tasks by means of collaboration, makes data access to a more balanced;
& other; Participatory sensing & throughout; The advantages of the

Analyze the application cases, the author thinks that: compared with the traditional way of data collection, based on user information sharing & other; Participatory sensing & throughout; Has the following advantages:

1. Flexible. Awareness of the body is people, people with high flexibility and mobility, can be adjusted according to requirements at any time to upload content;

2. Rich. Mobile phone how many kinds of sensors, people can obtain how many kinds of data, how many kinds of data can upload. At the same time users can also for data preprocessing, semantic label, this is a traditional way can't perception;


4. Strong. Combine the above characteristics, everyone has become a powerful data sensor, which is the flow of a sensor, according to the different coordination mechanisms show a different structure, can handle complicated data collection tasks.


To solve the problems

Combined with some analysis of materials, the author thinks that to do this step, in addition to communication and money problem, still need to solve the following problems:

1. The privacy. In order to guarantee the validity of the data, credibility, and other Participatory sensing & throughout; Program in fact need to know some personal information of users, how to ensure the personal information will not be leak and abuse, is all & other; Throughout the cloud &; Application of all have to face the problem. Cannot very good solve this problem, the user can not be widely participation, huge amounts of data collection and subsequent processing is just a castle in the air;


3. The feedback and motivation. No matter whether the user has benefits for its uploaded data, user participation behavior itself needs to be reasonable feedback and encouragement, and otherwise the user is likely to lose momentum. Before it has been proved that feedback in a timely manner, and motivation does not necessarily have to be material, make positive feedback on user upload behavior for many users is a very good motivation;

4. The validity of the data and credibility. Participatory aware of more traditional ways of one big drawback is that many information by the user when the influence of subjective factors, not necessarily reliable, which requires the spooler has the ability to identify, eliminate not reliable information, especially under the circumstances of less information sources are required to resolve this problem;

5. Collaboration architecture. Background program should be able to dynamically allocated tasks, to avoid repeated a large number of users to upload data useless waste of communication resources, and needed data but no upload information;
2. Ownership. Users to upload data in theory should belong to all users, unless you buy the data, or commitment to the data used for non-profit purposes only. Otherwise, sooner or later, the user would benefit the program through their upload data and their grievances without substantial revenue, or will cause refused to upload data. Trying to long-term commercialization of participatory sensing application must properly deal with the problem;
6. The sparse data processing. For example, you want to know the traffic in the north, but only two users to upload the information, each message will cover the range of a few hundred metres, this data for more than ten kilometers of the north, is sparse. This will require a server can have suitable algorithm, based on the current season, time, weather, history, and the surrounding situation speculated that the current traffic conditions, such as to give the user a reliable results as far as possible, otherwise the program application value will be discounted.

Therefore, although at present there are several & other; Participatory sensing & throughout; Application, but & other; Man + smart phones & throughout; As a powerful sensor function is far from get into full play. Envisioned the future each of us is a continuous work monitor data of sensors and the environment, the upload data can be used for more than one's own schedule planning, health care, behavior modification and risk reporting purposes, and can build on the vast databases of all human behavior and the surrounding environment, no matter for scientific research, medical and rescue and disaster relief or commercial applications, has immeasurable value.
Entrepreneurial opportunities?

Then, after solve these problems, applied potential & other; Participatory sensing & throughout; Chance will be entrepreneurs?

May be, or may not be. The reason is that & other; Participatory sensing & throughout; Its own characteristics, we analyze it with the game, BBS, weibo, review sites, such as the difference between the Internet application, it can be found there are two of the greatest advantages: 1) the perceived, simple input at any time, to cause the user's burden is small; 2) users feel the submitted data is useful for everyone (including yourself), the initiative is quite high. So if you are going to require users to severe in areas of business, & other; Participatory sensing & throughout; Obviously not a good selling point. In turn, may have the opportunity to, for example, & mdhistriadn; & mdhistriadn;


Finally, and most important, this opportunity really belongs to the education, scientific research, officeisation, public welfare organization or public utilities. Using a smart phone, they at a lower cost for the first time a broader, more timely, more comprehensive data acquisition is widely concerned, attract more people to participate effectively in the environment, social issues such as monitoring and processing. If this is a blend of mobile Internet, wireless sensor network technology application in ways that in creating business value at the same time, also a contribution to public issues, is be not.

You are a local life service provider, then & other; Participatory sensing & throughout; Is a useful tool, you can set some simple template, let users can submit some local lifestyle information conveniently, automatically appended on geography, time, after the data submitted. Comb, classification, and then you put these information provided to the need of users, after the summary and to give the right reward to the information provider. Both reduce the burden of you to collect information, has strengthened the you interact with the user, supplemented by & other All for one, one for all & throughout; Slogan, for in-depth and lasting service should help to develop local life.

Before you are a professional BBS of webmaster, is preparing to enter the mobile Internet for the road ahead, and you professional BBS itself is to collect some data is given priority to, just before the data are made by the user login manually enter after BBS. It should also is a good helper for your transformation, operation method.

Of course, & other; Participatory sensing & throughout; , there are limitless possibilities for large companies, because they have a huge number of users has enough resources to users for feedback and encouragement, and map class application is the most typical case. In the future, as smartphones further popularization and the outbreak of the wearable devices, predictable emotional investment in this area will be more big. At a minimum, the medical and health is that they are absolutely not miss this big cake.